HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating webpages. It structures content using elements like headings, paragraphs, links, images, and forms, providing the foundation for web design and functionality.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and design the visual appearance of webpages. It controls layout, colors, fonts, spacing, and responsiveness, enhancing the presentation and user experience.

Bootstrap is an open-source front-end framework for building responsive,mobile-first websites.It provides pre-designed HTML,CSS and JS components,enabling fast development of user-friendly and visually appealing web pages.

JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic programming language used for creating interactive web pages. It enables client-side functionality like form validation, animations, and dynamic content updates, enhancing user experience on websites.

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard programming language used to manage and manipulate databases. It allows users to query, update, insert, and delete data in relational databases efficiently.